Compared with placebo, 1 mg of orally administered lorazepam 60 minutes before general anaesthesia significantly reduced both postoperative nausea and vomiting and the requirement for antiemetic treatment during the postoperative period.Studies have also demonstrated that neurokinin antagonists such as aprepitant are effective at reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting.The mechanisms of action of antiemetics, such as antagonising neurotransmitters, contribute to some of their adverse effects.The risk of prolonging the QT interval on the ECG is important to consider when prescribing antiemetic drugs. The combination of tropisetron, dexamethasone and chlorpromazine was most effective.Anticholinergics such as hyoscine are used in palliative care, but not primarily for nausea.

Some target more than one pathway (Phenothiazines – prochlorperazine,* chlorpromazine*Block dopamine type 2 (D2) receptors centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and peripherally in the gastrointestinal tract.At higher doses, effects on other receptors are seen.

While in certain circumstances sedation may be a desired effect, it can limit the usefulness of these drugs as antiemetics. Ondansetron is often used as front-line therapy for management of nausea/vomiting. Read our ©2020 NPS MedicineWise. Overview Information Adenosine is a chemical that is present in all human cells.

NPS MedicineWise disclaims all liability (including for negligence) for any loss, damage or injury resulting from reliance on or use of this information.

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