The mechanism of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis is not clear. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1991; 95: 369–75Lind DE, Levi JA, Vincent PC. Metabolism and bioactivation of clozapine by human liver Jerling M, Lindstrom L, Bondesson U, et al. Role of covalent binding Potter WZ, Davis DC, Mitchell JR, et al. Pathogenesis of adverse drug reactions.
2020 Feb 16;10(2):105. doi: 10.3390/brainsci10020105.Salvi SS, Pati S, Chaudhari PR, Tiwari P, Banerjee T, Vaidya VA.Front Behav Neurosci. 2019 Dec 20;47(6):1757-1772. doi: 10.1042/BST20190280.Omlor W, Wahl AS, Sipilä P, Lütcke H, Laurenczy B, Chen IW, Sumanovski LT, van 't Hoff M, Bethge P, Voigt FF, Schwab ME, Helmchen F.Nat Commun. Rapid acceleration of neutrophil apoptosis by tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha. 0000006734 00000 n J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 275: 1463–75Fischer V, Haar JA, Greiner L, et al. Clozapine and agranulocytosis [letter).
Mechanism of formation of protein-arylat-ing intermediates from amodiaquine, a myelotoxin and hepatotoxin in man.
Vitamin C status in chronic schizophrenia. Effects of fluorine substitution on drug metabolism — pharmacological and toxicological implications. Clozapine: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in patients with schizophrenia who are unresponsive to or intolerant of classical antipsychotic agents. Drug therapy — schizophrenia.
06, 1992 (July 6, 1992). N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 204–5Atkin K, Kendall F, Gould D, et al. CNS Drugs 1995; 4: 412–21Alvir JMJ, Lieberman JA.
In: Weatherall DJ, Ledingham JGG, Warrell DA, editors. Am J Med 1989; 87: 44–8Adkinson NF, Wheeler B. 0000001953 00000 n Drug Saf 1992; 7 Suppl. "Clozapine-induced It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a … endstream endobj 1307 0 obj <>/Size 1281/Type/XRef>>stream Crit Rev Toxicol 1990; 20: 213–35Eastmond DA, Smith MT, Irons RD. Evidence exists to implicate both the major histocompatibility complex antigens and heat shock protein variants in determining individual susceptibility, although more patients of different ethnic backgrounds need to be studied.The ultimate aim of research into clozapine-induced agranulocytosis should be to either prospectively predict which individuals are going to develop agranulocytosis and/or to develop analogues that retain efficacy but are not toxic.
Psychopharmacology 1989;99: S87–91Gerson SL, Lieberman JA, Friedenberg WR, et al. Psychopharmacology 1989; 99: S84–6Kane JM. Stem cells and haematopoiesis. Incidence and risk factors in the United States. There is no convincing evidence of direct toxicity of the parent compound or its stable metabolites (demethyl-clozapine and clozapine The reason why only approximately 1% of individuals who are treated with clozapine are affected by agranulocytosis has not been elucidated. Clozapine dose cannot be used as a reliable indicator for severe neutropenia risk. clozapine-induced gastrointestinal hypomotility: an Drug metabolism by leukocytes and its role in drug-induced lupus and other idiosyncratic drug reactions.
Essali A (2007). Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45: 789–96Lieberman JA, Safferman AZ. Amodiaquine induced agranulocytosis and liver damage. States". "Sproule BA, Naranjo CA,
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analysis of 102 cases". Clozapine displays a complex mechanism of action. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1989; 10: 463–7Uetrecht JP. There may be more than one pharmacologic feature that contributes to its advantages in improving psychopathology, cognition, affect, tardive dyskinesia, etc. Disposition of clozapine in man: lack of association with debrisoquine and S-mephenytoin hydroxylation polymorphisms.
Comparative studies of the Yunis AA. Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips 0000003663 00000 n 0000006410 00000 n Metabolism of clozapine by neutrophils. J Clin Psychiatry 1994; 55: 139–42Lamberti JS, Bellnier TJ, Schwarzkopf SB, et al. It works by changing the actions of chemicals in the brain. Role of hepatic metabolism in the bioactivation and detoxication of amodiaquine.
The metabolic formation of reactive intermediates from clozapine: a drug associated with agranulocytosis in man.
0000007469 00000 n H (2007). Smoking cessation can significantly increase the concentrations of clozapine.
0000001603 00000 n Clozapine is almost completely metabolized prior to excretion and only trace amounts of unchanged drug are detected in the urine and feces.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1984; 27: 555–9Uetrecht JP, Zahid N, Whitfield D. Metabolism of vesnarinone by activated neutrophils: implications for vesnarinone-induced agranulocytosis. Possible role of free radical formation in clozapine (Clozaril)-induced agranulocytosis.
review of the evidence".
J Clin Pharmacol 1994; 34: 318–24Pirmohamed M, Williams D, Madden S, et al. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Bioactivation and bioinactivation of drugs and drug metabolites: relevance to adverse drug reactions.
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