theophylline toxicity in dogs ibuprofen


Gans J H, Korson R, Cater M R, Ackerly C C (1980) Effects of short-term and … Ibuprofen has a narrow margin of safety in dogs. After a single dosing of theophylline, accentuated heart rate and vomiting were observed at a concentration …



Coagulation tests and fecal exams may also be performed.Tests to confirm the diagnosis include blood tests and endoscopy. Puppies and older dogs are at the highest risk.Ibuprofen poisoning causes many different clinical signs because many different organ systems can be affected. Prescription-strength tablets are 400, 600, and 800 mg. Ibuprofen also can be found combined with other medications such as pseudoephedrine hydrochloride or hydrocodone bitartrate. GI irritation or ulceration, GI hemorrhage, and renal damage are the most commonly reported toxic effects of ibuprofen ingestion in dogs. The blood concentration of theophylline-treated patients should be maintained within the therapeutic range in order to diminish risk.

The minimum lethal dose in dogs is about 600 mg/kg.11 In addition, hepatotoxicity (especially with long-term use) and inhibition of platelet function have been reported in humans.5 Table 1 Ibuprofen Dose and Associated Signs or Outcomes in Dogs* Ferrets are especially sensitive to ibuprofen's toxic effects.

A case–control study used data in the National Animal Poison Control Center database to characterize risk factors for gastrointestinal ulceration and acute renal failure subsequent to the acute ingestion of ibuprofen in the dog. 1998 May 1;35(2):115-24.

Lab .what now? Some cats may have long-term damage such as kidney disease, and these complications from ibuprofen poisoning will need life-long management.

In these instances, follow your … These present results suggest that the severity of theophylline toxicity is dependent on its plasma concentrations rather than accumulated dosages. Glauberg A & Blumenthal H P (1983) Chocolate poisoning in the dog. While the exact mechanism of ibuprofen's action is not fully understood, it is generally thought that ibuprofen inhibits the conversion of arachidonic acid into various prostaglandins by reversibly blocking the actions of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. The signs also depend on how much ibuprofen was eaten.Most commonly in dogs, clinical signs related to irritation and ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract are observed including decreased appetite, vomiting (sometimes with blood), diarrhea, depression, abdominal pain, dark tarry stools, and bloody stools.Other clinical signs can include stupor (near-unconciousness), incoordination, increased or decreased drinking and urination, icterus (yellow discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes), pale mucous membranes, seizures and coma.Bloodwork including a complete blood cell count and serum biochemistry to evaluate organ function, as well as a urinalysis should be performed for all suspected cases of ibuprofen poisoning. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 10 (4), 285-291 Wiley Online Library.

If the test results are elevated, continue diuresis until the values normalize or stabilize.10,11 Treat neurologic signs symptomatically.

Ibuprofen is toxic to both dogs and cats. JAVMA 185 (8), 902-908 PubMed.

Ibuprofen blocks these vasodilatory prostaglandins.
Epub 2014 Aug 24.

It may also be administered by your veterinarian in hospital in the form of an injection.If stomach upset occurs on an empty stomach, give the medication with food. The resultant diminished renal blood flow can lead to acute interstitial nephritis, papillary necrosis, renal-tubular necrosis, and acute renal failure. Its use in cats and dogs to treat cough and bronchoconstriction is 'off label' or 'extra label. Many drugs are commonly prescribed for off label use in veterinary medicine.
These signs include seizures and collapse and may indicate that the dose of theophylline is too high. For ingestion of higher doses or when gastrointestinal signs have occurred, a combination therapy of acid reducers (H2-blockers or proton-pump inhibitors), sucralfate (liquid or a slurry of tablets), and misoprostol may be used (Table 2 Drugs Used to Protect the Gastrointestinal Tract in Ibuprofen Toxicosis* At doses that may cause renal failure, diuresis with intravenous fluids given at twice the daily maintenance rate (120 ml/kg/day) for at least 48 hours is recommended. If renal function test results are normal at 48 hours, reduce fluid therapy to maintenance rates, and then discontinue it in 24 hours if renal values remain normal.

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