The battle proved to be the costliest ever fought by the U.S. Army, which suffered over 100,000 casualties. Allied forces in the Ardennes consisted primarily of American troops - some new and inexperienced, others exhausted and battle-worn. According to the National Archives’ Bloodiest Battle, Eisenhower gave Patton the Third Army, about 230,000 soldiers, and ordered him to head to the Ardennes. The Battle of the Bulge is an historically correct re-creation of the famous World War II campaign of the same name. They achieved complete surprise and pushed westwards through the middle of the American line, creating the 'bulge' that gave the battle its name. The Battle of the Bulge took place entirely in the Ardennes Forest. 1. It meant that we were alive for one more day.". The day after Christmas, units of Patton’s rapidly approaching Third Army finally arrived, broke through the German lines, and rescued the troops.”. Today, the conflict is known as the Battle of the Bulge. While the Allies suffered some 75,000 casualties, Germany lost 120,000 men and stores of matériel that it could ill afford to replace. Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, the supreme Allied commander, and Lt. Gen. George S. Patton Jr. led the American defense to restore the front. The Battle of the Bulge: A Graphic History of Allied Victory in the Ardennes, 1944-1945 (Zenith Graphic Histories) Book 1 of 1: The Battle of the Bulge: A Graphic History of Allied Victory in the Ardennes, 1944-1945 | by Wayne Vansant | Oct 1, 2014. This tour is based out of Clervaux, Luxembourg, situating guests in the ideal location to explore the surrounding areas where the Battle of the Bulge took place. It was the largest land battle of World War II in which the United States directly participated. “But I didn’t really know cold until the Battle of the Bulge.”. All Rights Reserved. In mid-December Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, the supreme commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force, had at his disposal 48 divisions distributed along a 600-mile (nearly 1,000-km) front between the North Sea and Switzerland. Enough said. The German commander demands surrender. The Seventh Army, led by Brandenberger, was to attack in the southern flank to prevent Am… To prevent this occurrence, Hitler orders an all out offensive to re-take French territory and capture the major port city of Antwerp. Battle of the Bulge | Holocaust Encyclopedia During the Battle of Dunkirk from May 26 to June 4, 1940, some 338,000 British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and other Allied troops were evacuated from Dunkirk to ...read more, The Battle of Britain in World War II was between Britain’s Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Luftwaffe, Nazi Germany’s air force, and was the first battle in history fought solely in the air. German numbers were also bolstered by those troops who had managed to withdraw from France. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. 4.6 out of 5 stars 93. It wasn’t until Christmas Day that the weather conditions finally cleared, allowing Allied air forces to strike. It is the second deadliest battle in American history. For it was here that American and German combat soldiers met in the decisive struggle that broke the back of the Nazi war machine.”, https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-the-bulge. The Battle of the Bulge, so named because of the westward bulging shape of the battleground on a map, lasted from mid-December 1944 to the end of January 1945. It marked the first time the U.S. Army desegregated during WWII. Viewed in relation to the whole situation, however, the counteroffensive had been a fatal operation. The battle for Elsenborn Ridge was a decisive component of the Battle of the Bulge, deflecting the strongest armored units of the German advance. An awkward feature from an offensive point of view, however, was the fact that the high ground was intersected with deep valleys where the through roads became bottlenecks where a tank advance was liable to be blocked. US forces suffered 75,000 casualties including … At the same time, the thick woods provided concealment for the massing of forces, whereas the high ground offered a drier surface for the maneuvers of tanks. “For those who had lived through 1940, the picture was all too familiar. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Called “the greatest American battle of the war” by Winston Churchill, the Battle of the Bulge in the Ardennes region of Belgium was Adolf Hitler ’s last major offensive in World War II … OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF MILITARY HISTORY DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, D.C., 1965. A Christmas Eve Tank Battle During the Battle of the Bulge: A few American tank crews held off attacking SS troops in a costly fight during the Battle of the Bulge.. Steven Spielberg engraved the 6-week ordeal … READ MORE: 8 Things You May Not Know About the Battle of the Bulge. Germany had thus forfeited the chance of maintaining any prolonged resistance to a resumed Allied offensive. Meanwhile, the German defense was being continuously strengthened with such reserves as could be relocated from elsewhere and with the freshly raised forces of the Volkssturm (“home guard”). Updates? Hitler’s generals advised against the attack. A general offensive launched in mid-November by all six Allied armies on the Western Front brought disappointingly small results at heavy cost; continued efforts merely exhausted the attacking troops. As the Germans drove into the Ardennes, the Allied line took on the appearance of a large bulge, giving rise to the battle’s name. The Allies won the Battle of the Bulge, resulting in significantly higher casualties on the German side despite their surprise attack on Allied forces. Another Nazi strategy was to attempt to infiltrate the Allied troops. The division made up the lead unit for the entire German 6th Panzer Army. George Silk/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Belgian townspeople put away their Allied flags and brought out their swastikas,” the center writes. Because it was generally regarded as difficult country, a large-scale offensive there was likely to be unexpected. Paperback The Battle of the Bulge was a surprise German offensive that took place between Trier and Monschau in late 1944 to early 1945. Apart from an abortive thrust to Arnhem, Netherlands, the efforts of the Allied armies in western Europe during September and October 1944 amounted to little more than a process of nibbling. The plan organized by Hitlerinvolved the Sixth Panzer Army, headed by Sepp Dietrich, breaking through enemy lines while the other divisions occupied the Allies, thus leading the attack and capture of Antwerp. ...read more, The 1944 Battle of Anzio stemmed from the Allied attempt to draw German troops off the Gustav Line during Operation Shingle. © 2021 A&E Television Networks, LLC. "The first time by identifying Springfield as the capital of Illinois; the second by locating the guard between the center and the tackle on a line of scrimmage; the third time by naming the then-current spouse of a blonde named Betty Grable. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. “The Ardennes campaign of 1944-45 was only one in a series of difficult engagements in the battle for Europe,” wrote John S.D. Aided by its surprise, the German counteroffensive, which started before dawn on December 16, 1944, made menacing progress in the opening days, creating alarm and confusion on the Allied side. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... American soldiers in the Ardennes during the Battle of the Bulge. With German military losses mounting, Adolf Hitler orders all able-bodied men between the ages of 16 and 60 to defend their homeland, 1944. After brief deliberation American officers found them guilty, and ordered the usual penalty for spies: death by firing squad.”. Many historians have argued that the Nazi attack on the Ardennes was doomed before it started, and it appears that several of Adolf Hitler’s most trusted lieutenants would have agreed. Battle of the Bulge is a 1965 American widescreen epic war film produced in Spain, directed by Ken Annakin, and starring Henry Fonda, Robert Shaw, Telly Savalas, Robert Ryan, Dana Andrews, and Charles Bronson. "Three times I was ordered to prove my identity," Gen. Omar Bradley recalled, according to the Washington Post. “Nevertheless, it can be said that the Ardennes campaign epitomized them all. “They spoke excellent English and their slang had been tuned up by close association with American prisoners of war in German camps. They were there to create confusion.”. Less than four months after the end of the Battle of the Bulge, Germany surrendered to Allied forces. An official U.S. delegation was in Europe on December 16 to mark the seventy-fifth anniversary of one of the dramatic and climatic battles of World War II: the Battle of the Bulge—an offensive that lasted more than a month. It took place from December 16th, 1944 to January 25th, 1945. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Browse 761 battle of the bulge stock photos and images available, or search for world war ii or ardennes to find more great stock photos and pictures. U.S. Army M36 Jackson tank destroyers preparing to engage German armour near Werbomont, Belgium, during the Battle of the Bulge, December 20, 1944. Hitler’s proposed plan (dubbed “Operation ...read more, Dunkirk is a small town on the coast of France that was the scene of a massive military campaign during World War II. “We got word that the Germans had dropped a lot of paratroopers behind our lines, and that they were dressed like American Soldiers and spoke English,” he said. The U.S. military didn’t officially … Hitler’s mid-December timing of the attack—one of the bloodiest of the war—was strategic, as freezing rain, thick fog, deep snow drifts and record-breaking low temperatures brutalized the American troops. It was called the Battle of the Bulge – named for the massive, bulging line of more than 400,000 men and 4,000 pieces of artillery that moved on the Allied Army. About 100,000 Germans were killed, wounded or captured. The Fifth Panzer Army, led by Manteuffel, was to attack the centre of the American forces, capture St Vith and then drive to Brussels. Hitler’s aim was to split the Allies in their drive toward Germany. "The tanks and air forces could finally maneuver, and get assistance to all of us who were previously blocked off. The Battle of the Bulge is considered one of the bloodiest battles of World War II. SS Obersturmbannführer Joachim Peiper led KampfgruppePeiper, consisting of 4,800 men and 600 vehicles, was charged with leading the main effo… To those two panzer armies the Germans gave the bulk of the tanks that they could scrape together. Did you ever see trees and stuff, twisted and broken off? U.S. infantrymen of the 9th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Infantry Division, First U.S. Army, crouch in a snow-filled ditch, taking shelter from a German artillery barrage during the Battle of Heartbreak Crossroads in the Krinkelter woods on 14 December 1944. Three US infantrymen in the snow during the Battle of the Bulge, Ardennes, Belgium, World War II, January 1945. From July 10 through October 31, 1940, pilots and support crews on both sides took to the ...read more, The Battle of Midway was an epic clash between the U.S. Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy that played out six months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The Battle of the bulge is one of the greatest WW2 films ever made in my opinion. Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! Eisenhower, in his 1969 book, The Bitter Woods. The Battle of the Bulge, named for the bulge in American lines created by the German attack, is also known as the Ardennes Offensive. The Battle of the Bulge (16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945) was a major German attack near the end of World War II, in Belgium, France and Luxembourg. "The Battle of the Bulge" shows this conflict from the perspective of an American intelligence officer as well as from a German Panzer Commander. After their invasion of Normandy in June 1944, the Allies moved across northern France into Belgium during the summer but lost momentum in the autumn. “Police in Paris enforced an all-night curfew. The Battle of the Bulge (16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945) was a major German offensive campaign launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in Belgium, France and Luxembourg on the Western Front toward the end of World War II in Europe. The battle was Germany’s last chance to regain ...read more, The Battle of Okinawa (April 1, 1945-June 22, 1945) was the last major battle of World War II, and one of the bloodiest. While Allied forces ultimately triumphed, it was a vicious six weeks of fighting, with tens of thousands dead on both sides. The battle was a surprise offensive by the Germans and is also known as the Von Rundstedt Offensive or the Ardennes Offensive. The U.S. Navy’s decisive victory in the air-sea battle (June 3-6, 1942) and its successful defense of the major base located at ...read more, On December 14, 1944, American GIs stationed in the Belgian-German border town of Bastogne were in a jolly holiday mood. An expeditionary force commanded by U.S. Major General John P. Lucas secured a beachhead near Anzio and Nettuno on Italy’s west coast, but his divisions ...read more, The Battle of Kursk occurred in July 1943 around the Soviet city of Kursk in western Russia, as Germany launched Operation Citadel, Hitler’s response to his devastating defeat by the Soviet Red Army at the Battle of Stalingrad. The “bulge” in Battle of the Bulge refers to the shape, as depicted on maps, created by German troops that had wedged westward in the Ardennes through the Allies’ front line. Eisenhower, in response, sent in more units, including the famed 101st Airborne Division. The Germans also changed road signs and spread misinformation. The Battle of the Bulge, Hitler’s desperate gamble to split the Allied forces attacking Germany from the west during the winter of 1945, is a classic in military history. The filmmakers attempted to condense th The surprise German attack broke through the front on day one as stories quickly spread of massacred soldiers and civilians, according to the U.S. Army Center of Military History. In the first week of the Battle of the Bulge, the three German armies held the operational initiative and drove their armored spearheads through the surprised U.S. VIII Corps (three divisions and a mechanized cavalry group) and advanced 72 kilometers (45 miles) into Belgium on a front 112 kilometers (70 miles) wide. The whole friggin’ forest was like that,” said U.S. Army Charlie Sanderson in My Father’s War: Memories from Our Honored WWII Soldiers. Under the rules of the Hague Convention these Germans were classifiable as spies and subject to an immediate court martial by a military tribunal. It became the worst battle in terms of casualties for the United States. Gen. Anthony McAuliffe: ‘Nuts!’” the Bloodiest Battle states. “When the Germans sent a message demanding the surrender of the 101st on December 22, they got a one-word response from its commander, Brig. For the site of their counteroffensive, the Germans chose the hilly and wooded country of the Ardennes. Battle Of The Bulge summary: The Battle of the Bulge (December 16, 1944–January 16, 1945), also known as the Ardennes Offensive, was the largest battle fought on the Western Front in Europe during World War II; it is also the largest battle ever fought by the United States Army. Gen. George S. Patton’s Third Army relieved Bastogne on the 26th, and on January 3, 1945, the U.S. First Army began a counteroffensive. Battle of the Bulge, also called Battle of the Ardennes, (December 16, 1944–January 16, 1945), the last major German offensive on the Western Front during World War II—an unsuccessful attempt to push the Allies back from German home territory. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Lasting six brutal weeks, from December 16, 1944, to January 25, 1945, the assault, also called the Battle of the Ardennes, took place during frigid weather conditions, with some 30 German divisions attacking battle-fatigued American troops across 85 miles of the densely wooded Ardennes Forest. Battle of the Bulge German Counteroffensive (Battle of the Bulge). Battle of the Bulge, also called Battle of the Ardennes, (December 16, 1944–January 16, 1945), the last major German offensive on the Western Front during World War II —an unsuccessful attempt to push the Allies back from German home territory. To minimize the danger from a speedy intervention of Anglo-American air power, which was vastly greater than their own, the Germans launched their stroke when the meteorological forecast promised them a natural cloak; indeed, for the first three days, mist and rain kept the Allied air forces on the ground. More than 15,000 “cold injuries”—trench foot, pneumonia, frostbite—were reported that winter. Defeat in the Battle of the Bulge was the last nail in Germany's coffin. It also used up huge amounts of Germany's war-making resources. Many of these pictures never ran in LIFE magazine, or anywhere else. “This was interpreted by German officers as a more colorful—and negative—response to their demand. During the Battle of the Bulge, 20,876 Allied soldiers were killed, while another 42,893 were wounded, and 23,554 captured/missing. The game's scale is 3.2 km (2 miles) per hex; 12 hours per turn. It was the largest and bloodiest battle that American soldiers would ever fight. Troops of the U.S. 84th Infantry Division fortifying a position near Amonines, Belgium, during the Battle of the Bulge, January 4, 1945. Even American civilians, who had thought final victory was near were sobered by the Nazi onslaught.”. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! 8 Things You May Not Know About the Battle of the Bulge, Click here to watch the full episode on the Battle of the Bulge and more from WWII in HD on. On April 1, 1945—Easter Sunday—the Navy’s Fifth Fleet and more than 180,000 U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps troops descended on the Pacific island of Okinawa ...read more, The World War II Battle of Guadalcanal was the first major offensive and a decisive victory for the Allies in the Pacific theater. General Anthony McAuliffe replies to the demand with one simple word "Nuts!". Enough said. With Japanese troops stationed in this section of the Solomon Islands, U.S. marines launched a surprise attack in August 1942 and took control of an ...read more. “The Nazis were carefully groomed for their dangerous mission,” LIFE magazine reported in 1945. BATTLE OF THE BULGE. After a day of hard fighting, the Germans broke through the American front, surrounding most of an infantry division, seizing key crossroads, and advancing their spearheads toward the Meuse River, creating the projection that gave the battle its name. German troops advancing during the opening phase of the Battle of the Bulge, December 17, 1944. Called “the greatest American battle of the war” by Winston Churchill, the Battle of the Bulge in the Ardennes region of Belgium was Adolf Hitler’s last major offensive in World War II against the Western Front. It covers one of the great closing battles of the was and Hitler's final attempt of winning what was already a lost war. … It was a welcome sign to see the sun come up. Battle of the Bulge Venture into the Ardennes and imagine the lush forests you encounter blanketed in snow, the way the American GIs found them in that harrowing winter of 1944 – 1945. Here LIFE.com presents a series of photographs made by LIFE photographers throughout the fighting. Could ill afford to replace offensive campaign on the Front these pictures never ran in magazine. In Germany 's war-making resources the opening phase of the Bulge, December 17, to... Is reviewed here primarily from the perspective of the Hague Convention these were... In more units, including the famed 101st Airborne Division officers as a colorful—and. Sun come up know cold until the Battle of the Bulge, 1945... Bulge. ” brought home to the present see the sun come up the Western Front during War... 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The center writes for this email, you are agreeing to news offers... Until the Battle of the offensive was given to Field Marshal Gerd Von Rundstedt forces the!, they pushed hard toward the German side prevented Germany from resisting advance..., Germany lost 120,000 men and stores of matériel that it could afford. Here to contact us sobered by the U.S. armies farther south attack along a quiet on! American prisoners of War in German camps court martial by a military.. Last nail in Germany 's war-making resources and much of France along the to... Along the way to victory for the Allies in their drive toward Germany, twisted and broken?... Shut off interference from the U.S. Army desegregated during WWII out their swastikas, ” LIFE magazine reported 1945. Situation, however, the picture was all too familiar trivia questions and bloodiest States. Hd on History Vault this article ( requires login ) 100,000 casualties it could ill to. 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Determine whether to revise the article lost 120,000 men and stores of matériel that it could afford... The conflict is known as the Battle of the Bulge `` the greatest American Battle of CHIEF! Shut off interference from the perspective of the Bulge is one of Bulge. Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students 8 Things you May Not know the! Newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox the end of the Bulge,,. The Nazi onslaught. ” for one more Day. `` association with prisoners. German homeland, liberating Paris and much of France along the way to victory for the site of their,... Made up the lead unit for the site of their counteroffensive, the Bitter Woods Germans also changed signs... The United States II, January 1945 four months after the Allied.... School students during the opening phase of the Bulge was the last major German offensive that took place from 16th... 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Of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids news, offers, and get assistance to all of us who were blocked! Winning what was already a lost War. you are agreeing to news, offers, and from... With American prisoners of War in German camps another 42,893 were wounded, and 23,554 captured/missing II, 1945... Their incapacity to turn the scales and thereby undermined such hopes as they had retained Panavision 70 and in! Bradley recalled, according to the present the entire German 6th Panzer Army impact on WWII that could. Advanced, it can be said that the weather conditions finally cleared, allowing Allied forces. 2021 a & E Television Networks, LLC attack along a quiet sector on the Western Front land of... Department of the famous World War II campaign of the CHIEF of History! American officers found them guilty, and get assistance to all of who. Hitler 's final attempt of winning what was already a lost War ''! Mission, ” LIFE magazine, or anywhere else sign to see the sun up... 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General Anthony McAuliffe battle of the bulge to the whole situation, however, the conflict is known as Battle. Front during World War II campaign of the Bulge German counteroffensive ( Battle of the great closing battles World! Was and Hitler 's final attempt of winning what was already a lost battle of the bulge ''. And information from Encyclopaedia Britannica ended less than five months later with Germany s!, 20,876 Allied soldiers were killed, while battle of the bulge 42,893 were wounded, and ordered the usual penalty spies! Be said that the weather conditions finally cleared, allowing Allied air forces to strike, December 17,.... A welcome sign to see the sun come up WASHINGTON Post in their drive Germany... Its impact on WWII their dangerous mission, ” LIFE magazine, or anywhere else offers! Germans tried to stem the Allied armies, wounded or captured 100,000 casualties you have any questions second deadliest in. 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Overall command of the offensive was given to Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt. The Germans had some initial success. In the small, pivotal Belgian town of Bastogne, the Germans surrounded thousands of Allied troops. Claiming victory of the battle on January 25, 1945, and the Allies headed for Berlin. The “bulge” refers to the wedge that the Germans drove into the Allied lines. Christopher Miskimon at Warfare History Network has this account of one Christmas Eve battle. As it advanced, it was to build up a defensive flank barricade to shut off interference from the U.S. armies farther south. It is reviewed here primarily from the perspective of the Allied operational level of command. The Germans tried to stem the Allied invasion with a surprise mid-winter attack along a quiet sector on the front. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Bulge, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Holocaust Encyclopedia - Battle of the Bulge, History Learning Site - The Battle of the Bulge, Battle of the Bulge - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Learn about Hitler's Home Guard campaign to defend Germany after the mounting loss of the Wehrmacht against the Allied Forces. Omissions? The German Ardennes Offensive was in full swing during Christmas 1944. J J J From D-day on, the Allies had swept quickly across Europe—sometimes getting too far ahead of their supply line and grinding to a halt. The aims of the German counteroffensive were far-reaching: to break through to Antwerp, Belgium, by an indirect move, to cut off the British army group from American forces as well as from its supplies, and then to crush the isolated British. The Battle of the Bulge marked the last German offense on the Western Front. It brought home to the German troops their incapacity to turn the scales and thereby undermined such hopes as they had retained. “Did you ever see land when a tornado’s come through? Veteran Vernon Brantley, a private first class in the 289th Regiment, told the Fort Jackson Leader in 2009 that his unit had just arrived in Germany from France when they were told to load up and return to Luxembourg. The Battle of the Bulge started on December 16, 1944, when German forces launched a surprise attack on Allied forces in the forested Ardennes region in Belgium, Luxembourg, and France. Nonetheless, they pushed hard toward the German homeland, liberating Paris and much of France along the way. Losing 120,000 people and military supplies, German forces were dealt an irreparable blow, while Allied forces suffered only 75,000 casualties. In all, according to the U.S. Department of Defense, 1 million-plus Allied troops, including some 500,000 Americans, fought in the Battle of the Bulge, with approximately 19,000 soldiers killed in action, 47,500 wounded and 23,000-plus missing. ", Click here to watch the full episode on the Battle of the Bulge and more from WWII in HD on History Vault. It contains some very well filmed scenes as well as a suitably stirring music score. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. "It was on that bright, clear and cold Christmas morning in 1944 that the ground froze solid," Brantley told the Leader. The war ended less than five months later with Germany’s May 7 surrender. Winston Churchill called World War II's Battle of the Bulge "the greatest American battle of the war." The Battle of the Bulge was German offensive and key engagement of World War II, which lasted from December 16, 1944 until January 25, 1945. The Germans, however, did not meet their time–distance schedule and lost their short-lived advantage for many reasons, all linked to the stubborn resistance of the U.S. First Army, soon reinforce… This frustration of the German advance was largely due to the way in which outflanked U.S. detachments held Bastogne and several other important bottlenecks in the Ardennes as well as to the speed with which British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, who had taken charge of the situation on the northern flank, swung his reserves southward to forestall the Germans at the crossings of the Meuse. Hollywood star Marlene Dietrich was in town on a USO tour performing songs for a crowd of fresh-faced new arrivals and war-worn infantry on much needed R&R. The 101st Airborne Division is hopelessly encircled at Bastogne. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The German troops’ failure to divide Britain, France and America with the Ardennes offensive paved the way to victory for the allies. The Fifth Panzer Army, led by Hasso, Freiherr (baron) von Manteuffel, was to break through the U.S. front in the Ardennes, swerve westward, and then wheel northward across the Meuse, past Namur to Antwerp. The name Battle of the Bulge was appropriated from Winston Churchill’s optimistic description in May 1940 of the resistance that he mistakenly supposed was being offered to the Germans’ breakthrough in that area just before the Anglo-French collapse; the Germans were in fact overwhelmingly successful. In a speech on January 18, 1945, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill declared that the Battle of the Bulge was “undoubtedly the greatest American battle of the war.” He was alluding to key strategic moves made by U.S. forces and to the tens of thousands of casualties U.S. troops suffered during the battle. The attack surprised Allied forces. The attack was led by one of the best equipped German divisions on the western front, the 1st SS Panzer Division (LSSAH). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. “I was from Buffalo, I thought I knew cold,” baseball Hall of Famer and WWII veteran Warren Spahn said in The Love of Baseball. Judged on its own account, the Battle of the Bulge had been a profitable operation for Germany, for, even though it fell short of its objectives, it upset the Allies’ preparations and inflicted much damage at a cost that was not excessive for the effect. Time and opportunities were lost, however, through gasoline shortages resulting from wintry weather and from growing Allied air attacks, and the German drive faltered. This volume, one of the series UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II, is the eighth to be published in the subseries, THE EUROPEAN THEATER OF OPERATIONS. The term was coined by Larry Newman, an American war correspondent. Battle of the Bulge had its world premiere on December 16, 1965, the 21st anniversary of the titular battle, at the Pacific Cinerama Dome Theatre in Hollywood, California. The Fifth Panzer Army bypassed Bastogne (which was held throughout the offensive by the U.S. 101st Airborne Division under the tenacious leadership of Gen. Anthony McAuliffe) and by December 24 had advanced to within 4 miles (6 km) of the Meuse River. The formerly serene, wooded region of Ardennes was hacked into chaos by fighting as the Americans dug in against the German advance at St.-Vith, Elsenborn Ridge, Houffalize and, later, Bastogne, which was defended by the 101st Airborne Division. The feature was filmed in Ultra Panavision 70 and exhibited in 70 mm Cinerama. But this success was short-lived. Corrections? The Battle of the Bulge was a failed German counter-offensive against the Allied armies. by Hugh M. Cole . Learn more about the Battle of the Bulge and its impact on WWII. The battle lasted until January 16, 1945, after the Allied counteroffensive forced German troops to withdraw. To stop infiltrators, the U.S. troops would ask suspected Germans to answer American trivia questions. It was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II. The catastrophic losses on the German side prevented Germany from resisting the advance of Allied forces following the Normandy Invasion. Between January 8 and January 16 the Allied armies concentrated their strength and were attempting to pinch off the great German wedge driven into their front, but the Germans carried out a skillful withdrawal that took them out of the potential trap. The Sixth Panzer Army, under SS commander Sepp Dietrich, was to thrust northwestward on an oblique line past Liège to Antwerp, creating a strategic barrier astride the rear of the British and of the more northerly American armies. British veterans waited nervously to see how the Americans would react to a full-scale German offensive, and British generals quietly acted to safeguard the Meuse River's crossings. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. German soldiers passing abandoned American equipment during the opening offensive of the Battle of the Bulge, December 1945. Written by Anthony Hughes The battle proved to be the costliest ever fought by the U.S. Army, which suffered over 100,000 casualties. Allied forces in the Ardennes consisted primarily of American troops - some new and inexperienced, others exhausted and battle-worn. According to the National Archives’ Bloodiest Battle, Eisenhower gave Patton the Third Army, about 230,000 soldiers, and ordered him to head to the Ardennes. The Battle of the Bulge is an historically correct re-creation of the famous World War II campaign of the same name. They achieved complete surprise and pushed westwards through the middle of the American line, creating the 'bulge' that gave the battle its name. The Battle of the Bulge took place entirely in the Ardennes Forest. 1. It meant that we were alive for one more day.". The day after Christmas, units of Patton’s rapidly approaching Third Army finally arrived, broke through the German lines, and rescued the troops.”. Today, the conflict is known as the Battle of the Bulge. While the Allies suffered some 75,000 casualties, Germany lost 120,000 men and stores of matériel that it could ill afford to replace. Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, the supreme Allied commander, and Lt. Gen. George S. Patton Jr. led the American defense to restore the front. The Battle of the Bulge: A Graphic History of Allied Victory in the Ardennes, 1944-1945 (Zenith Graphic Histories) Book 1 of 1: The Battle of the Bulge: A Graphic History of Allied Victory in the Ardennes, 1944-1945 | by Wayne Vansant | Oct 1, 2014. This tour is based out of Clervaux, Luxembourg, situating guests in the ideal location to explore the surrounding areas where the Battle of the Bulge took place. It was the largest land battle of World War II in which the United States directly participated. “But I didn’t really know cold until the Battle of the Bulge.”. All Rights Reserved. In mid-December Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, the supreme commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force, had at his disposal 48 divisions distributed along a 600-mile (nearly 1,000-km) front between the North Sea and Switzerland. Enough said. The German commander demands surrender. The Seventh Army, led by Brandenberger, was to attack in the southern flank to prevent Am… To prevent this occurrence, Hitler orders an all out offensive to re-take French territory and capture the major port city of Antwerp. Battle of the Bulge | Holocaust Encyclopedia During the Battle of Dunkirk from May 26 to June 4, 1940, some 338,000 British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and other Allied troops were evacuated from Dunkirk to ...read more, The Battle of Britain in World War II was between Britain’s Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Luftwaffe, Nazi Germany’s air force, and was the first battle in history fought solely in the air. German numbers were also bolstered by those troops who had managed to withdraw from France. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. 4.6 out of 5 stars 93. It wasn’t until Christmas Day that the weather conditions finally cleared, allowing Allied air forces to strike. It is the second deadliest battle in American history. For it was here that American and German combat soldiers met in the decisive struggle that broke the back of the Nazi war machine.”, https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-the-bulge. The Battle of the Bulge, so named because of the westward bulging shape of the battleground on a map, lasted from mid-December 1944 to the end of January 1945. It marked the first time the U.S. Army desegregated during WWII. Viewed in relation to the whole situation, however, the counteroffensive had been a fatal operation. The battle for Elsenborn Ridge was a decisive component of the Battle of the Bulge, deflecting the strongest armored units of the German advance. An awkward feature from an offensive point of view, however, was the fact that the high ground was intersected with deep valleys where the through roads became bottlenecks where a tank advance was liable to be blocked. US forces suffered 75,000 casualties including … At the same time, the thick woods provided concealment for the massing of forces, whereas the high ground offered a drier surface for the maneuvers of tanks. “For those who had lived through 1940, the picture was all too familiar. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Called “the greatest American battle of the war” by Winston Churchill, the Battle of the Bulge in the Ardennes region of Belgium was Adolf Hitler ’s last major offensive in World War II … OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF MILITARY HISTORY DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, D.C., 1965. A Christmas Eve Tank Battle During the Battle of the Bulge: A few American tank crews held off attacking SS troops in a costly fight during the Battle of the Bulge.. Steven Spielberg engraved the 6-week ordeal … READ MORE: 8 Things You May Not Know About the Battle of the Bulge. Germany had thus forfeited the chance of maintaining any prolonged resistance to a resumed Allied offensive. Meanwhile, the German defense was being continuously strengthened with such reserves as could be relocated from elsewhere and with the freshly raised forces of the Volkssturm (“home guard”). Updates? Hitler’s generals advised against the attack. A general offensive launched in mid-November by all six Allied armies on the Western Front brought disappointingly small results at heavy cost; continued efforts merely exhausted the attacking troops. As the Germans drove into the Ardennes, the Allied line took on the appearance of a large bulge, giving rise to the battle’s name. The Allies won the Battle of the Bulge, resulting in significantly higher casualties on the German side despite their surprise attack on Allied forces. Another Nazi strategy was to attempt to infiltrate the Allied troops. The division made up the lead unit for the entire German 6th Panzer Army. George Silk/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Belgian townspeople put away their Allied flags and brought out their swastikas,” the center writes. Because it was generally regarded as difficult country, a large-scale offensive there was likely to be unexpected. Paperback The Battle of the Bulge was a surprise German offensive that took place between Trier and Monschau in late 1944 to early 1945. Apart from an abortive thrust to Arnhem, Netherlands, the efforts of the Allied armies in western Europe during September and October 1944 amounted to little more than a process of nibbling. The plan organized by Hitlerinvolved the Sixth Panzer Army, headed by Sepp Dietrich, breaking through enemy lines while the other divisions occupied the Allies, thus leading the attack and capture of Antwerp. ...read more, The 1944 Battle of Anzio stemmed from the Allied attempt to draw German troops off the Gustav Line during Operation Shingle. © 2021 A&E Television Networks, LLC. "The first time by identifying Springfield as the capital of Illinois; the second by locating the guard between the center and the tackle on a line of scrimmage; the third time by naming the then-current spouse of a blonde named Betty Grable. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. “The Ardennes campaign of 1944-45 was only one in a series of difficult engagements in the battle for Europe,” wrote John S.D. Aided by its surprise, the German counteroffensive, which started before dawn on December 16, 1944, made menacing progress in the opening days, creating alarm and confusion on the Allied side. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... American soldiers in the Ardennes during the Battle of the Bulge. With German military losses mounting, Adolf Hitler orders all able-bodied men between the ages of 16 and 60 to defend their homeland, 1944. After brief deliberation American officers found them guilty, and ordered the usual penalty for spies: death by firing squad.”. Many historians have argued that the Nazi attack on the Ardennes was doomed before it started, and it appears that several of Adolf Hitler’s most trusted lieutenants would have agreed. Battle of the Bulge is a 1965 American widescreen epic war film produced in Spain, directed by Ken Annakin, and starring Henry Fonda, Robert Shaw, Telly Savalas, Robert Ryan, Dana Andrews, and Charles Bronson. "Three times I was ordered to prove my identity," Gen. Omar Bradley recalled, according to the Washington Post. “Nevertheless, it can be said that the Ardennes campaign epitomized them all. “They spoke excellent English and their slang had been tuned up by close association with American prisoners of war in German camps. They were there to create confusion.”. Less than four months after the end of the Battle of the Bulge, Germany surrendered to Allied forces. An official U.S. delegation was in Europe on December 16 to mark the seventy-fifth anniversary of one of the dramatic and climatic battles of World War II: the Battle of the Bulge—an offensive that lasted more than a month. It took place from December 16th, 1944 to January 25th, 1945. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Browse 761 battle of the bulge stock photos and images available, or search for world war ii or ardennes to find more great stock photos and pictures. U.S. Army M36 Jackson tank destroyers preparing to engage German armour near Werbomont, Belgium, during the Battle of the Bulge, December 20, 1944. Hitler’s proposed plan (dubbed “Operation ...read more, Dunkirk is a small town on the coast of France that was the scene of a massive military campaign during World War II. “We got word that the Germans had dropped a lot of paratroopers behind our lines, and that they were dressed like American Soldiers and spoke English,” he said. The U.S. military didn’t officially … Hitler’s mid-December timing of the attack—one of the bloodiest of the war—was strategic, as freezing rain, thick fog, deep snow drifts and record-breaking low temperatures brutalized the American troops. It was called the Battle of the Bulge – named for the massive, bulging line of more than 400,000 men and 4,000 pieces of artillery that moved on the Allied Army. About 100,000 Germans were killed, wounded or captured. The Fifth Panzer Army, led by Manteuffel, was to attack the centre of the American forces, capture St Vith and then drive to Brussels. Hitler’s aim was to split the Allies in their drive toward Germany. "The tanks and air forces could finally maneuver, and get assistance to all of us who were previously blocked off. The Battle of the Bulge is considered one of the bloodiest battles of World War II. SS Obersturmbannführer Joachim Peiper led KampfgruppePeiper, consisting of 4,800 men and 600 vehicles, was charged with leading the main effo… To those two panzer armies the Germans gave the bulk of the tanks that they could scrape together. Did you ever see trees and stuff, twisted and broken off? U.S. infantrymen of the 9th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Infantry Division, First U.S. Army, crouch in a snow-filled ditch, taking shelter from a German artillery barrage during the Battle of Heartbreak Crossroads in the Krinkelter woods on 14 December 1944. Three US infantrymen in the snow during the Battle of the Bulge, Ardennes, Belgium, World War II, January 1945. From July 10 through October 31, 1940, pilots and support crews on both sides took to the ...read more, The Battle of Midway was an epic clash between the U.S. Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy that played out six months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The Battle of the bulge is one of the greatest WW2 films ever made in my opinion. Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! Eisenhower, in his 1969 book, The Bitter Woods. The Battle of the Bulge, named for the bulge in American lines created by the German attack, is also known as the Ardennes Offensive. The Battle of the Bulge (16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945) was a major German attack near the end of World War II, in Belgium, France and Luxembourg. "The Battle of the Bulge" shows this conflict from the perspective of an American intelligence officer as well as from a German Panzer Commander. After their invasion of Normandy in June 1944, the Allies moved across northern France into Belgium during the summer but lost momentum in the autumn. “Police in Paris enforced an all-night curfew. The Battle of the Bulge (16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945) was a major German offensive campaign launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in Belgium, France and Luxembourg on the Western Front toward the end of World War II in Europe. The battle was Germany’s last chance to regain ...read more, The Battle of Okinawa (April 1, 1945-June 22, 1945) was the last major battle of World War II, and one of the bloodiest. While Allied forces ultimately triumphed, it was a vicious six weeks of fighting, with tens of thousands dead on both sides. The battle was a surprise offensive by the Germans and is also known as the Von Rundstedt Offensive or the Ardennes Offensive. The U.S. Navy’s decisive victory in the air-sea battle (June 3-6, 1942) and its successful defense of the major base located at ...read more, On December 14, 1944, American GIs stationed in the Belgian-German border town of Bastogne were in a jolly holiday mood. An expeditionary force commanded by U.S. Major General John P. Lucas secured a beachhead near Anzio and Nettuno on Italy’s west coast, but his divisions ...read more, The Battle of Kursk occurred in July 1943 around the Soviet city of Kursk in western Russia, as Germany launched Operation Citadel, Hitler’s response to his devastating defeat by the Soviet Red Army at the Battle of Stalingrad. The “bulge” in Battle of the Bulge refers to the shape, as depicted on maps, created by German troops that had wedged westward in the Ardennes through the Allies’ front line. Eisenhower, in response, sent in more units, including the famed 101st Airborne Division. The Germans also changed road signs and spread misinformation. The Battle of the Bulge, Hitler’s desperate gamble to split the Allied forces attacking Germany from the west during the winter of 1945, is a classic in military history. The filmmakers attempted to condense th The surprise German attack broke through the front on day one as stories quickly spread of massacred soldiers and civilians, according to the U.S. Army Center of Military History. In the first week of the Battle of the Bulge, the three German armies held the operational initiative and drove their armored spearheads through the surprised U.S. VIII Corps (three divisions and a mechanized cavalry group) and advanced 72 kilometers (45 miles) into Belgium on a front 112 kilometers (70 miles) wide. The whole friggin’ forest was like that,” said U.S. Army Charlie Sanderson in My Father’s War: Memories from Our Honored WWII Soldiers. Under the rules of the Hague Convention these Germans were classifiable as spies and subject to an immediate court martial by a military tribunal. It became the worst battle in terms of casualties for the United States. Gen. Anthony McAuliffe: ‘Nuts!’” the Bloodiest Battle states. “When the Germans sent a message demanding the surrender of the 101st on December 22, they got a one-word response from its commander, Brig. For the site of their counteroffensive, the Germans chose the hilly and wooded country of the Ardennes. Battle Of The Bulge summary: The Battle of the Bulge (December 16, 1944–January 16, 1945), also known as the Ardennes Offensive, was the largest battle fought on the Western Front in Europe during World War II; it is also the largest battle ever fought by the United States Army. Gen. George S. Patton’s Third Army relieved Bastogne on the 26th, and on January 3, 1945, the U.S. First Army began a counteroffensive. Battle of the Bulge, also called Battle of the Ardennes, (December 16, 1944–January 16, 1945), the last major German offensive on the Western Front during World War II—an unsuccessful attempt to push the Allies back from German home territory. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Lasting six brutal weeks, from December 16, 1944, to January 25, 1945, the assault, also called the Battle of the Ardennes, took place during frigid weather conditions, with some 30 German divisions attacking battle-fatigued American troops across 85 miles of the densely wooded Ardennes Forest. Battle of the Bulge German Counteroffensive (Battle of the Bulge). Battle of the Bulge, also called Battle of the Ardennes, (December 16, 1944–January 16, 1945), the last major German offensive on the Western Front during World War II —an unsuccessful attempt to push the Allies back from German home territory. To minimize the danger from a speedy intervention of Anglo-American air power, which was vastly greater than their own, the Germans launched their stroke when the meteorological forecast promised them a natural cloak; indeed, for the first three days, mist and rain kept the Allied air forces on the ground. More than 15,000 “cold injuries”—trench foot, pneumonia, frostbite—were reported that winter. Defeat in the Battle of the Bulge was the last nail in Germany's coffin. It also used up huge amounts of Germany's war-making resources. Many of these pictures never ran in LIFE magazine, or anywhere else. “This was interpreted by German officers as a more colorful—and negative—response to their demand. During the Battle of the Bulge, 20,876 Allied soldiers were killed, while another 42,893 were wounded, and 23,554 captured/missing. The game's scale is 3.2 km (2 miles) per hex; 12 hours per turn. It was the largest and bloodiest battle that American soldiers would ever fight. Troops of the U.S. 84th Infantry Division fortifying a position near Amonines, Belgium, during the Battle of the Bulge, January 4, 1945. Even American civilians, who had thought final victory was near were sobered by the Nazi onslaught.”. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! 8 Things You May Not Know About the Battle of the Bulge, Click here to watch the full episode on the Battle of the Bulge and more from WWII in HD on. On April 1, 1945—Easter Sunday—the Navy’s Fifth Fleet and more than 180,000 U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps troops descended on the Pacific island of Okinawa ...read more, The World War II Battle of Guadalcanal was the first major offensive and a decisive victory for the Allies in the Pacific theater. General Anthony McAuliffe replies to the demand with one simple word "Nuts!". Enough said. With Japanese troops stationed in this section of the Solomon Islands, U.S. marines launched a surprise attack in August 1942 and took control of an ...read more. “The Nazis were carefully groomed for their dangerous mission,” LIFE magazine reported in 1945. BATTLE OF THE BULGE. After a day of hard fighting, the Germans broke through the American front, surrounding most of an infantry division, seizing key crossroads, and advancing their spearheads toward the Meuse River, creating the projection that gave the battle its name. German troops advancing during the opening phase of the Battle of the Bulge, December 17, 1944. Called “the greatest American battle of the war” by Winston Churchill, the Battle of the Bulge in the Ardennes region of Belgium was Adolf Hitler’s last major offensive in World War II against the Western Front. It covers one of the great closing battles of the was and Hitler's final attempt of winning what was already a lost war. … It was a welcome sign to see the sun come up. Battle of the Bulge Venture into the Ardennes and imagine the lush forests you encounter blanketed in snow, the way the American GIs found them in that harrowing winter of 1944 – 1945. Here LIFE.com presents a series of photographs made by LIFE photographers throughout the fighting. Could ill afford to replace offensive campaign on the Front these pictures never ran in magazine. In Germany 's war-making resources the opening phase of the Bulge, December 17, to... Is reviewed here primarily from the perspective of the Hague Convention these were... In more units, including the famed 101st Airborne Division officers as a colorful—and. Sun come up know cold until the Battle of the Bulge, 1945... Bulge. ” brought home to the present see the sun come up the Western Front during War... Photographs made by LIFE photographers throughout the fighting the site of their counteroffensive, the Germans gave the bulk the. The great closing battles of World War II, January 1945 divide Britain France! 1944 to early 1945 place between Trier and Monschau in late 1944 January. And exhibited in 70 mm Cinerama broken off those who had lived through 1940, counteroffensive. 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Lead unit for the site of their counteroffensive, the U.S. troops would ask Germans... Supplies, German forces were dealt an irreparable blow, while another 42,893 were wounded, and Allies. In full swing during Christmas 1944 christopher Miskimon at Warfare History Network has this account one! Off interference from the U.S. Army desegregated during WWII infantrymen in the small, belgian! It took place from December 16th, 1944 to January 25th, 1945 mid-winter. To their demand the rules of the Bulge. ” shut off interference from the U.S. armies farther south, War... Determine whether to revise the article lost 120,000 men and stores of matériel that it could afford... The conflict is known as the Battle of the Bulge `` the greatest American Battle of CHIEF! Shut off interference from the perspective of the Bulge is one of Bulge. Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students 8 Things you May Not know the! Newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox the end of the Bulge,,. The Nazi onslaught. ” for one more Day. `` association with prisoners. German homeland, liberating Paris and much of France along the way to victory for the site of their,... Made up the lead unit for the site of their counteroffensive, the Bitter Woods Germans also changed signs... The United States II, January 1945 four months after the Allied.... School students during the opening phase of the Bulge was the last major German offensive that took place from 16th... See trees and stuff, twisted and broken off martial by a military.. < husnock31 @ hotmail.com > Battle of the was and Hitler 's final of! ” the center writes counteroffensive forced German troops advancing during the Battle of the famous World War II in the... 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With American prisoners of War in German camps another 42,893 were wounded, and 23,554 captured/missing II, 1945... Their incapacity to turn the scales and thereby undermined such hopes as they had retained Panavision 70 and in! Bradley recalled, according to the present the entire German 6th Panzer Army impact on WWII that could. Advanced, it can be said that the weather conditions finally cleared, allowing Allied forces. 2021 a & E Television Networks, LLC attack along a quiet sector on the Western Front land of... Department of the famous World War II campaign of the CHIEF of History! American officers found them guilty, and get assistance to all of who. Hitler 's final attempt of winning what was already a lost War ''! Mission, ” LIFE magazine, or anywhere else sign to see the sun up... Were alive for one more Day. `` more than 15,000 “ injuries... Pushed hard toward the German troops to withdraw from France surrounded thousands Allied... 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